Postingan
Contoh:
Reporting verb: Doni says,
Reported words ”I’m very good at English” Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu:
Direct Speech:
Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Future Continouos Tense
Conditional
Indirect Speech:Simple Past Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Future Tense/Conditional
Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
Conditional
Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya,
Contoh :
She said, “The sun rises in the east” → She said that the sun rises in the east.
PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:
Direct : Indirect :
Now → Then
Today → That day
Tonight → That night
This week → That week
Yesterday → The day before
The day before yesterday → Two days before
Last night → The night before
Last week/year → The previous week/year
A year ago → A year before/The previous year
Three years ago → Three years before
Tomorrow → The next day/The following day
The day after tomorrow → In two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year → The following week/year
On Sunday → On Sunday
Here → There
This book → The book
This → That
These → Those
Over there → Over there
*etc.
PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:
Can → Could
May → Might
Might → Might
Must → Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Contoh:
The woman said, “I must mend the wall next month”
The woman said that he would have to mend the wall the following month.
Wanita itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding bulan berikutnya.
The boy said, ” I must wash my hands before eating”
The boysaid that she had to wash her hands before eating.
laki-laki itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.
*etc.
Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
She said, “we will go to Malaysia next week”
Shee said that they would go to Malaysia next week.
Rini said, ” I’m a university student”
Rini said that she was a university student.
2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
She told me, “wait for me !”
She told me to wait for her.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ani asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ani asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Rian asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Rian asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.
EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :
1. D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “
I : She says to her friend that he has been reading
2. D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “
I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly
3. D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “
I : Reza said that he was very sleepy
4. D : He has told you, “ I am writing “
I : He has told you that he is writing
5. D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “
I : Mothe advised her son to study hard
6. D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “
I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football
7. D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus
I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning
8. D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “
I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
9. D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “
I : Mother asked her not to go there alone
10. D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “
I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much
Reference:
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