TENSES

1. Present Tense, digunakan untuk kebiasaan, waktu sekarang. Rumus
    a. Nominal Sentences (kalimat yang tidak diikuti kata kerja). Rumus
        positif (+)   S +To be +  Complement
        negatif (-)   S + To be + NOT + Complement
       Tanya  (?)   To be + S + Complement
             Contoh:
            + Shinta is a student
            -  Shinta is not a student
            ? Is Shinta a student?

             # Keterangan:
                I, menggunakan To be  am

                They, we, you  menggunakan To be are

                 He, She, It menggunakan To be Is

     
    b. Verbal Sentences (kalimat yang diikuti kata kerja)
       + } S + V1 + O/C

        - } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

        ? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

                 Contoh:

                       + } Doni Reads book everyday

                        - } Doni does not Read book everyday

                        ? } does Doni Read book everyday
                         
                      # Keterangan:
                       1. Khusus Subjek He, She, dan It, Verb (Kata Kerja) ditambahkan S/es

2.  Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           + } They are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >>           – } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.

3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

5. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday

-} We were not at school yesterday

?} were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+) I saw a good film last night

(+) He came here last month

(-) I saw not a good film last night

(-) He came not last month

(?) Saw I a good film last night

(?) Came He here last month

6. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

7. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

9. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

 10. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

11. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have finished by 10am.

(+) You will have forgotten me by then.

(-) She will not have gone to school.

(-) We will not have left.

(?) Will you have arrived?

(?) Will they have received it?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening music.

(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

(-) He will haven’t listening a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening a music ?

13. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya:  Would + S + V1

Contoh :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.

(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

14. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + be + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :

(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?

(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + V3
Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling

(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?

(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years

(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year

(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years

(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?

(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Reference:

http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/